·         Etnographic Translation

Etnographic Translation is a translation which explains the cultural context between the source language and the target language.

Example: the use of the word ‘yes’ versus ‘yeah’ in America.

Actually the word “yes” and “yeah” is the same. However in this case, yes is common used in formal conversation, but yeah tend to be used in informal conversation.

·         Aesthetic-poetic Translation

This refers to translation in which the translator takes into account the affect, emotion, and feeling of an original agnate version, the aesthetic form used by the original author, as well as any information in the message. The examples of this type are the translation of sonnet, rhyme, heroic couplet, dramatic dialogue, and novel.

Source text of Nursery Rhyme: Sleep, Baby Sleep

Sleep, Baby, Sleep

Sleep, baby, sleep,
Thy papa guards the sheep;
Thy mama shakes the dreamland tree
And from it fall sweet dreams for thee,
Sleep, baby, sleep,

Target text of Nursery Rhyme: Sleep, Baby Sleep

Tidur, Anakku, Tidur

Tidur, anakku, tidur,
Papamu menggembala domba;
Mamamu menggoyang pohon mimpi
Dan akan memberimu mimpi indah,
Tidur, anakku, tidur,

·         Linguistic Translation

This is concerned with equivalent meanings of the constituent morphemes of the source language and grammatical form.

For example:

A: “Kamu mau gaji segitu?”

B: “Apa boleh buat, daripada nganggur”

In the target language, the conversation will be:

A: “Do you accept such amount of the salary”

B: ”I have no choice, instead of being unemployed”.

The word “mau” in here is translated into “accept” because it does not have meaning of wanting. Then, we must still pay attention to gramatical aspect of target language, for example after the word “of” it must be followed by noun or gerund, e.g. “instead of being unemployed”.

Type of Translation

·         Pragmatic Translation

Pragmatic translation is a translation in which the information message of the target language that wants to be delivered must be accurate.

These are the example of pragmatic translation :

For printing photographs, illustrations, use of high Resolution Paper, Glossy Photo Paper or High Photo Film is recommended. These media provide better colour reproduction and brighter colours than plain paper.

Translated into Indonesian language:

Untuk mencetak foto dan ilustrasi atau gambar, gunakan kertas dengan resolusi tinggi, yaitu kertas foto glossy atau disarankan menggunakan kertas film glossy yang memiliki resolusi tinggi. Media ini akan menghasilkan hasil warna gambar yang lebih baik dan lebih jelas dari pada menggunakan kertas biasa.

Type of Translation

·         Pragmatic Translation

Pragmatic translation is a translation in which the information message of the target language that wants to be delivered must be accurate.

These are the examples of pragmatic translation :

For printing photographs, illustrations, use of high Resolution Paper, Glossy Photo Paper or High Photo Film is recommended. These media provide better colour reproduction and brighter colours than plain paper.

Translated into Indonesian language:

Untuk mencetak foto dan ilustrasi atau gambar, gunakan kertas dengan resolusi tinggi, yaitu kertas foto glossy atau disarankan menggunakan kertas film glossy yang memiliki resolusi tinggi. Media ini akan menghasilkan hasil warna gambar yang lebih baik dan lebih jelas dari pada menggunakan kertas biasa.

For the cooking instruction, I think there is no problem. Source language and target language are showing the same steps of the instruction and it can be understood easily.

For the ingredients of course there are many chemical components that do not have Indonesian meaning. So, whether in Indonesian language or English, the chemical components are written as the same.

·         Etnographic Translation

Etnographic Translation is a translation which explains the cultural context between the source language and the target language.

Example: the use of the word ‘yes’ versus ‘yeah’ in America.

Actually the word “yes” and “yeah” is the same. However in this case, yes is common used in formal conversation, but yeah tend to be used in informal conversation.

·         Aesthetic-poetic Translation

This refers to translation in which the translator takes into account the affect, emotion, and feeling of an original agnate version, the aesthetic form used by the original author, as well as any information in the message. The examples of this type are the translation of sonnet, rhyme, heroic couplet, dramatic dialogue, and novel.

Source text of Nursery Rhyme: Sleep, Baby Sleep

Sleep, Baby, Sleep

Sleep, baby, sleep,
Thy papa guards the sheep;
Thy mama shakes the dreamland tree
And from it fall sweet dreams for thee,
Sleep, baby, sleep,

Target text of Nursery Rhyme: Sleep, Baby Sleep

Tidur, Anakku, Tidur

Tidur, anakku, tidur,
Papamu menggembala domba;
Mamamu menggoyang pohon mimpi
Dan akan memberimu mimpi indah,
Tidur, anakku, tidur,

·         Linguistic Translation

This is concerned with equivalent meanings of the constituent morphemes of the source language and grammatical form.

For example:

A: “Kamu mau gaji segitu?”

B: “Apa boleh buat, daripada nganggur”

In the target language, the conversation will be:

A: “Do you accept such amount of the salary”

B: ”I have no choice, instead of being unemployed”.

The word “mau” in here is translated into “accept” because it does not have meaning of wanting. Then, we must still pay attention to gramatical aspect of target language, for example after the word “of” it must be followed by noun or gerund, e.g. “instead of being unemployed”.